作者：MichaelJ.Puett
出版社：HarvardUniversityAsiaCenter
副标题：Cosmology,Sacrifice,AndSelf-divinizationInEarlyChina
出版年：2002-5-1
页数：384
定价：USD25.00
装帧：Paperback
ISBN：9780674016439
内容简介
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Evidence from Shang oracle bones to memorials submitted to Western Han emperors attests to a long-lasting debate in early China over the proper relationship between humans and gods. One pole of the debate saw the human and divine realms as separate and agonistic and encouraged divination to determine the will of the gods and sacrifices to appease and influence them. The opposite pole saw the two realms as related and claimed that humans could achieve divinity and thus control the cosmos. This wide-ranging book reconstructs this debate and places within their contemporary contexts the rival claims concerning the nature of the cosmos and the spirits, the proper demarcation between the human and the divine realms, and the types of power that humans and spirits can exercise. It is often claimed that the worldview of early China was unproblematically monistic and that hence China had avoided the tensions between gods and humans found in the West. By treating the issues of cosmology, sacrifice, and self-divinization in a historical and comparative framework that attends to the contemporary significance of specific arguments, Michael J. Puett shows that the basic cosmological assumptions of ancient China were the subject of far more debate than is generally thought.
作者简介
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Michael Puett is a professor in ancient Chinese history at Havard University.
目录
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Introduction
Secondary Scholarship
Method of Analysis
Outline
1. Anthropomorphizing the Spirits: Sacrifice and Divination in Late Bronze Age China
The Foundations of Chinese Cosmological and Bureaucratic Thought
The Agon of Humans and Spirits in the Late Shang
Placing the Ancestors: The Construction of the Shang Pantheon
Transforming the Spirits: Sacrifice in the Shang
A Moral Cosmos: The Zhou Conquest and the Mandate of Heaven
Pacifying the Spirits: Western Zhou Sacrificial Practice
The Art of the Sacrifice: The “Sheng min” Poem of the Shijing and Hesiod’s Theogony
Conclusion
2. Gaining the Powers of Spirits: The Emergence of Self-Divinization Claims in the Fourth Century BC
Spirits Within Humans: The Issue of Shamanism in Early China and Early Greece
Humans and Gods in Early Greece
Comparing China and Greece
Humans and Gods in Early China
Heaven and Man in the Lunyu
The Moral Cosmos of the Mohists
Separating Humans and Spirits and Dividing Heaven and Earth: The “Chu yu, xia” Chapter of the Guoyu
Becoming Like a Spirit: The “Neiye” Chapter of the Guanzi
Conclusion
3. Accepting the Order of Heaven: Humanity and Divinity in Zhuangzi and Mencius
“Nothing Can Overcome Heaven”: The Notion of Spirit in the Zhuangzi
The Resignation of the Sage to the Order of Heaven: The Cosmology of the Mencius
The “Naturalism” of Zhuangzi and Mencius
4. Descendants of the One: Correlative Cosmology in the Late Warring States
The One and the Many: Secondary Scholarship on Early Chinese Cosmology
Totemism and Sacrifice: From Granet to Lévi Strauss and Back Again
The Great Unity of the Cosmos: The Taiyi sheng shui
Becoming an Ancestor to the People: The Laozi
Using the One to Explore Heaven: The Shiliujing
Becoming a Spirit: The “Xinshu” Chapters of the Guanzi
Becoming Like Heaven: The Lūshi chunqiu
The Pattern of Heaven and Earth: The Xunzi
Submitting to the Trigrams: The Xici zhuan
Conclusion
5. The Ascension of the Spirit: Liberation, Spirit Journeys, and Celestial Wanderings
How to Read the Ascension Literature
The Liberation of the Spirit: Question Four of the Shiwen
Liberation and Ascension in the Outer Chapters of the Zhuangzi
Transcending Heaven and Earth: The “Yuan you” of the Chuci
Conclusion
6. A Theocracy of Spirits: Theism, Theomorphism, and Alchemy in the Qin and Early Han Empires
Kingship and Sacrifice: From Granet to Dumézil and Back Again Through Sahlins
Competing Cosmologies in the Qin and Early Han
Emperors and Gods in the Early Imperial Courts
The Ascension of Huangdi: Divine Kingship in the Qin and Early Han
The Order of Textual Authority: Lu Jia’s Xinyu
Conclusion
7. Aligning and Orienting the Cosmos: Anthropomorphic Gods and Theomorphic Humans in the Huainanzi
Following the Way: The “Yuandao” Chapter
The Ascensions of Huangdi and Fu Xi: The “Lanming” Chapter
A Cosmos Aligned by Spirits: The “Jingshen” Chapter
Conclusion
8. The Sacrifices That Order the World: Divine Kingship and Human Kingship in the Western Han
The Sacrifices of the Sage: Dong Zhongshu
The “Fengshan shu” Chapter of Sima Qian
Determining the Position of Heaven and Earth: The Ritual Reforms at the End of the Western Han
Conclusion
Conclusion: Culture and History in Early China
Reference Matter
Bibliography
Index
评论 ······
普鸣这本《成神：早期中国的宇宙观、祭祀和自我神化》，与鲁惟一、蒲慕州的著作可作对读。作者修正了列维－斯特劳斯、萨林斯、葛兰言的宇宙观与思维模式。不过作者夸大了自己的创见，同时忽略了东方文明与封建王制自身的内在历史脉络，且多强调的是官方性祭祀。【《中国学术》2004年第1辑 总第17辑有一篇书评；另外还有劳悦强的博士论文】
今作者来奥大讲座，碰巧我读过他两本书，感觉还是在对“中国研究对世界社科能做的贡献”里有贡献。前几日丹麦某年轻老师讲座讲中国仪式中关于“sincerity”的议论就是建立在Puett对中国仪式注重“形式”的研究上。我觉得这对文化并接之类的研究都很有助益。去讲座了~
最近重读了一遍，比大三时多懂了些～
考古学的朋友安利的，终于半懂不懂的看掉了……
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